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302 lines
11 KiB
Plaintext
*if_perl.txt* For Vim version 9.0. Last change: 2023 May 14
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VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Sven Verdoolaege
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and Matt Gerassimof
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Perl and Vim *perl* *Perl*
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1. Editing Perl files |perl-editing|
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2. Compiling Vim with Perl interface |perl-compiling|
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3. Using the Perl interface |perl-using|
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4. Dynamic loading |perl-dynamic|
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{only available when Vim was compiled with the |+perl| feature}
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==============================================================================
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1. Editing Perl files *perl-editing*
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Vim syntax highlighting supports Perl and POD files. Vim assumes a file is
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Perl code if the filename has a .pl or .pm suffix. Vim also examines the first
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line of a file, regardless of the filename suffix, to check if a file is a
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Perl script (see scripts.vim in Vim's syntax directory). Vim assumes a file
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is POD text if the filename has a .POD suffix.
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To use tags with Perl, you need Universal/Exuberant Ctags. Look here:
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Universal Ctags (preferred): https://ctags.io
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Exuberant Ctags: http://ctags.sourceforge.net
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Alternatively, you can use the Perl script pltags.pl, which is shipped with
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Vim in the $VIMRUNTIME/tools directory. This script has currently more
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features than Exuberant ctags' Perl support.
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==============================================================================
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2. Compiling Vim with Perl interface *perl-compiling*
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To compile Vim with Perl interface, you need Perl 5.004 (or later). Perl must
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be installed before you compile Vim. Vim's Perl interface does NOT work with
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the 5.003 version that has been officially released! It will probably work
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with Perl 5.003_05 and later.
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The Perl patches for Vim were made by:
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Sven Verdoolaege <skimo@breughel.ufsia.ac.be>
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Matt Gerassimof
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Perl for MS-Windows (and other platforms) can be found at:
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http://www.perl.org/
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The ActiveState one should work, Strawberry Perl is a good alternative.
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==============================================================================
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3. Using the Perl interface *perl-using*
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*:perl* *:pe*
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:pe[rl] {cmd} Execute Perl command {cmd}. The current package
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is "main". Simple example to test if `:perl` is
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working: >
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:perl VIM::Msg("Hello")
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:pe[rl] << [trim] [{endmarker}]
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{script}
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{endmarker}
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Execute Perl script {script}.
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The {endmarker} after {script} must NOT be preceded by
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any white space.
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If [endmarker] is omitted, it defaults to a dot '.'
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like for the |:append| and |:insert| commands. Using
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'.' helps when inside a function, because "$i;" looks
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like the start of an |:insert| command to Vim.
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This form of the |:perl| command is mainly useful for
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including perl code in vim scripts.
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Note: This command doesn't work when the Perl feature
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wasn't compiled in. To avoid errors, see
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|script-here|.
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Example vim script: >
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function! WhitePearl()
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perl << EOF
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VIM::Msg("pearls are nice for necklaces");
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VIM::Msg("rubys for rings");
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VIM::Msg("pythons for bags");
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VIM::Msg("tcls????");
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EOF
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endfunction
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<
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To see what version of Perl you have: >
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:perl print $^V
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<
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*:perldo* *:perld*
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:[range]perld[o] {cmd} Execute Perl command {cmd} for each line in the
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[range], with $_ being set to the text of each line in
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turn, without a trailing <EOL>. Setting $_ will change
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the text, but note that it is not possible to add or
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delete lines using this command.
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The default for [range] is the whole file: "1,$".
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Here are some things you can try: >
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:perl $a=1
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:perldo $_ = reverse($_);1
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:perl VIM::Msg("hello")
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:perl $line = $curbuf->Get(42)
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< *E299*
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Executing Perl commands in the |sandbox| is limited. ":perldo" will not be
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possible at all. ":perl" will be evaluated in the Safe environment, if
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possible.
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*perl-overview*
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Here is an overview of the functions that are available to Perl: >
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:perl VIM::Msg("Text") # displays a message
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:perl VIM::Msg("Wrong!", "ErrorMsg") # displays an error message
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:perl VIM::Msg("remark", "Comment") # displays a highlighted message
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:perl VIM::SetOption("ai") # sets a vim option
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:perl $nbuf = VIM::Buffers() # returns the number of buffers
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:perl @buflist = VIM::Buffers() # returns array of all buffers
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:perl $mybuf = (VIM::Buffers('qq.c'))[0] # returns buffer object for 'qq.c'
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:perl @winlist = VIM::Windows() # returns array of all windows
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:perl $nwin = VIM::Windows() # returns the number of windows
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:perl ($success, $v) = VIM::Eval('&path') # $v: option 'path', $success: 1
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:perl ($success, $v) = VIM::Eval('&xyz') # $v: '' and $success: 0
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:perl $v = VIM::Eval('expand("<cfile>")') # expands <cfile>
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:perl $curwin->SetHeight(10) # sets the window height
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:perl @pos = $curwin->Cursor() # returns (row, col) array
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:perl @pos = (10, 10)
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:perl $curwin->Cursor(@pos) # sets cursor to @pos
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:perl $curwin->Cursor(10,10) # sets cursor to row 10 col 10
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:perl $mybuf = $curwin->Buffer() # returns the buffer object for window
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:perl $curbuf->Name() # returns buffer name
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:perl $curbuf->Number() # returns buffer number
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:perl $curbuf->Count() # returns the number of lines
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:perl $l = $curbuf->Get(10) # returns line 10
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:perl @l = $curbuf->Get(1 .. 5) # returns lines 1 through 5
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:perl $curbuf->Delete(10) # deletes line 10
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:perl $curbuf->Delete(10, 20) # delete lines 10 through 20
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:perl $curbuf->Append(10, "Line") # appends a line
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:perl $curbuf->Append(10, "Line1", "Line2", "Line3") # appends 3 lines
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:perl @l = ("L1", "L2", "L3")
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:perl $curbuf->Append(10, @l) # appends L1, L2 and L3
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:perl $curbuf->Set(10, "Line") # replaces line 10
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:perl $curbuf->Set(10, "Line1", "Line2") # replaces lines 10 and 11
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:perl $curbuf->Set(10, @l) # replaces 3 lines
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<
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*perl-Msg*
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VIM::Msg({msg}, {group}?)
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Displays the message {msg}. The optional {group}
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argument specifies a highlight group for Vim to use
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for the message.
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*perl-SetOption*
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VIM::SetOption({arg}) Sets a vim option. {arg} can be any argument that the
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":set" command accepts. Note that this means that no
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spaces are allowed in the argument! See |:set|.
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*perl-Buffers*
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VIM::Buffers([{bn}...]) With no arguments, returns a list of all the buffers
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in an array context or returns the number of buffers
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in a scalar context. For a list of buffer names or
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numbers {bn}, returns a list of the buffers matching
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{bn}, using the same rules as Vim's internal
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|bufname()| function.
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WARNING: the list becomes invalid when |:bwipe| is
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used. Using it anyway may crash Vim.
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*perl-Windows*
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VIM::Windows([{wn}...]) With no arguments, returns a list of all the windows
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in an array context or returns the number of windows
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in a scalar context. For a list of window numbers
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{wn}, returns a list of the windows with those
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numbers.
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WARNING: the list becomes invalid when a window is
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closed. Using it anyway may crash Vim.
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*perl-DoCommand*
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VIM::DoCommand({cmd}) Executes Ex command {cmd}.
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*perl-Eval*
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VIM::Eval({expr}) Evaluates {expr} and returns (success, value) in list
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context or just value in scalar context.
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success=1 indicates that val contains the value of
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{expr}; success=0 indicates a failure to evaluate
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the expression. '@x' returns the contents of register
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x, '&x' returns the value of option x, 'x' returns the
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value of internal |variables| x, and '$x' is equivalent
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to perl's $ENV{x}. All |functions| accessible from
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the command-line are valid for {expr}.
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A |List| is turned into a string by joining the items
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and inserting line breaks.
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*perl-Blob*
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VIM::Blob({expr}) Return |Blob| literal string 0zXXXX from scalar value.
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*perl-SetHeight*
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Window->SetHeight({height})
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Sets the Window height to {height}, within screen
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limits.
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*perl-GetCursor*
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Window->Cursor({row}?, {col}?)
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With no arguments, returns a (row, col) array for the
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current cursor position in the Window. With {row} and
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{col} arguments, sets the Window's cursor position to
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{row} and {col}. Note that {col} is numbered from 0,
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Perl-fashion, and thus is one less than the value in
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Vim's ruler.
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Window->Buffer() *perl-Buffer*
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Returns the Buffer object corresponding to the given
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Window.
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*perl-Name*
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Buffer->Name() Returns the filename for the Buffer.
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*perl-Number*
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Buffer->Number() Returns the number of the Buffer.
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*perl-Count*
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Buffer->Count() Returns the number of lines in the Buffer.
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*perl-Get*
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Buffer->Get({lnum}, {lnum}?, ...)
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Returns a text string of line {lnum} in the Buffer
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for each {lnum} specified. An array can be passed
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with a list of {lnum}'s specified.
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*perl-Delete*
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Buffer->Delete({lnum}, {lnum}?)
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Deletes line {lnum} in the Buffer. With the second
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{lnum}, deletes the range of lines from the first
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{lnum} to the second {lnum}.
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*perl-Append*
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Buffer->Append({lnum}, {line}, {line}?, ...)
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Appends each {line} string after Buffer line {lnum}.
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The list of {line}s can be an array.
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*perl-Set*
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Buffer->Set({lnum}, {line}, {line}?, ...)
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Replaces one or more Buffer lines with specified
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{lines}s, starting at Buffer line {lnum}. The list of
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{line}s can be an array. If the arguments are
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invalid, replacement does not occur.
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$main::curwin
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The current window object.
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$main::curbuf
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The current buffer object.
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*script-here*
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When using a script language in-line, you might want to skip this when the
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language isn't supported. >
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if has('perl')
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perl << EOF
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print 'perl works'
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EOF
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endif
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Note that "EOF" must be at the start of the line without preceding white
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space.
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==============================================================================
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4. Dynamic loading *perl-dynamic*
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On MS-Windows and Unix the Perl library can be loaded dynamically. The
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|:version| output then includes |+perl/dyn|.
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This means that Vim will search for the Perl DLL or shared library file only
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when needed. When you don't use the Perl interface you don't need it, thus
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you can use Vim without this file.
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MS-Windows ~
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You can download Perl from http://www.perl.org. The one from ActiveState was
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used for building Vim.
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To use the Perl interface the Perl DLL must be in your search path.
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If Vim reports it cannot find the perl512.dll, make sure your $PATH includes
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the directory where it is located. The Perl installer normally does that.
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In a console window type "path" to see what directories are used. The
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'perldll' option can be also used to specify the Perl DLL.
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The name of the DLL must match the Perl version Vim was compiled with.
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Currently the name is "perl512.dll". That is for Perl 5.12. To know for
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sure edit "gvim.exe" and search for "perl\d*.dll\c".
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Unix ~
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The 'perldll' option can be used to specify the Perl shared library file
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instead of DYNAMIC_PERL_DLL file what was specified at compile time. The
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version of the shared library must match the Perl version Vim was compiled
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with.
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==============================================================================
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vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl:
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