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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>K&amp;R</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="K.html" title="K"/><link rel="next" href="k-.html" title="k-"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">K&amp;R</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="K.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="k-.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="K-ampersand-R"/><dt xmlns="" id="K-ampersand-R"><b>K&amp;R</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie's book <i class="citetitle">The C
Programming Language</i>, esp. the classic and influential first
edition (Prentice-Hall 1978; ISBN 0-13-110163-3). Syn.
<a href="../O/Old-Testament.html"><i class="glossterm">Old Testament</i></a>. See also
<a href="../N/New-Testament.html"><i class="glossterm">New Testament</i></a>.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="K.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="k-.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">K </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> k-</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>K</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="next" href="K-ampersand-R.html" title="K&amp;R"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">K</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../K.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="K-ampersand-R.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="K"/><dt xmlns="" id="K"><b>K</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="pronunciation">/K/</span>, <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> [from <a href="kilo-.html"><i class="glossterm">kilo-</i></a>] A kilobyte. Used both as a
spoken word and a written suffix (like <a href="../M/meg.html"><i class="glossterm">meg</i></a> and
<a href="../G/gig.html"><i class="glossterm">gig</i></a> for megabyte and gigabyte). See
<a href="../Q/quantifiers.html"><i class="glossterm">quantifiers</i></a>.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="../K.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="K-ampersand-R.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">K </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> K&amp;R</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>KIBO</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="kgbvax.html" title="kgbvax"/><link rel="next" href="kiboze.html" title="kiboze"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">KIBO</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kgbvax.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kiboze.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="KIBO"/><dt xmlns="" id="KIBO"><b>KIBO</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="pronunciation">/ki:´boh/</span></dt></dt><dd><p> 1. [acronym] Knowledge In, Bullshit Out. A summary of what happens
whenever valid data is passed through an organization (or person) that
deliberately or accidentally disregards or ignores its significance.
Consider, for example, what an advertising campaign can do with a product's
actual specifications. Compare <a href="../G/GIGO.html"><i class="glossterm">GIGO</i></a>; see also
<a href="../S/SNAFU-principle.html"><i class="glossterm">SNAFU principle</i></a>.</p></dd><dd><p> 2. James Parry &lt;kibo@world.std.com&gt;, a Usenetter infamous for
various surrealist net.pranks and an uncanny, machine-assisted knack for
joining any thread in which his nom de guerre is mentioned. He has a
website at <a href="http://www.kibo.com/" target="_top">http://www.kibo.com/</a>.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kgbvax.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kiboze.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">kgbvax </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> kiboze</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>KIPS</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="kilogoogle.html" title="kilogoogle"/><link rel="next" href="KISS-Principle.html" title="KISS Principle"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">KIPS</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kilogoogle.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="KISS-Principle.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="KIPS"/><dt xmlns="" id="KIPS"><b>KIPS</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="pronunciation">/kips/</span>, <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> [abbreviation, by analogy with <a href="../M/MIPS.html"><i class="glossterm">MIPS</i></a> using
<a href="K.html"><i class="glossterm">K</i></a>] Thousands (<span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> 1024s) of
Instructions Per Second. Usage: rare.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kilogoogle.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="KISS-Principle.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">kilogoogle </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> KISS Principle</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>KISS Principle</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="KIPS.html" title="KIPS"/><link rel="next" href="kit.html" title="kit"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">KISS Principle</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="KIPS.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kit.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="KISS-Principle"/><dt xmlns="" id="KISS-Principle"><b>KISS Principle</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="pronunciation">/kis´ prin´si·pl/</span>, <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> &#8220;<span class="quote">Keep It Simple, Stupid</span>&#8221;. A maxim often invoked when
discussing design to fend off <a href="../C/creeping-featurism.html"><i class="glossterm">creeping featurism</i></a> and
control development complexity. Possibly related to the
<a href="../M/marketroid.html"><i class="glossterm">marketroid</i></a> maxim on sales presentations, &#8220;<span class="quote">Keep
It Short and Simple</span>&#8221;.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="KIPS.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kit.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">KIPS </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> kit</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>KLB</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="kit.html" title="kit"/><link rel="next" href="klone.html" title="klone"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">KLB</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kit.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="klone.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="KLB"/><dt xmlns="" id="KLB"><b>KLB</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> [common among Perl hackers] Known Lazy Bastard. Used to describe
somebody who perpetually asks questions which are easily answered by
referring to the reference material or manual.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kit.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="klone.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">kit </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> klone</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Knights of the Lambda Calculus</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="kluge-up.html" title="kluge up"/><link rel="next" href="knobs.html" title="knobs"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Knights of the Lambda Calculus</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kluge-up.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="knobs.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="Knights-of-the-Lambda-Calculus"/><dt xmlns="" id="Knights-of-the-Lambda-Calculus"><b>Knights of the Lambda Calculus</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> A semi-mythical organization of wizardly LISP and Scheme hackers.
The name refers to a mathematical formalism invented by Alonzo Church, with
which LISP is intimately connected. There is no enrollment list and the
criteria for induction are unclear, but one well-known LISPer has been
known to give out buttons and, in general, the <span class="emphasis"><em>members</em></span>
know who they are....</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kluge-up.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="knobs.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">kluge up </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> knobs</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Knuth</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="knurd.html" title="knurd"/><link rel="next" href="koan.html" title="koan"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Knuth</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="knurd.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="koan.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="Knuth"/><dt xmlns="" id="Knuth"><b>Knuth</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="pronunciation">/ka·nooth´/</span>, <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> [Donald E. Knuth's <i class="citetitle">The Art of Computer
Programming</i>] Mythically, the reference that answers all
questions about data structures or algorithms. A safe answer when you do
not know: &#8220;<span class="quote">I think you can find that in Knuth.</span>&#8221; Contrast
<a href="../T/the-literature.html"><i class="glossterm">the literature</i></a>. See also
<a href="../B/bible.html"><i class="glossterm">bible</i></a>. There is a Donald Knuth home page at <a href="http://Sunburn.Stanford.EDU/~knuth/" target="_top">http://Sunburn.Stanford.EDU/~knuth/</a>.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="knurd.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="koan.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">knurd </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> koan</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>Kool-Aid</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="kook.html" title="kook"/><link rel="next" href="kremvax.html" title="kremvax"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">Kool-Aid</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kook.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kremvax.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="Kool-Aid"/><dt xmlns="" id="Kool-Aid"><b>Kool-Aid</b></dt></dt><dd><p> [from a kid's sugar-enriched drink in fruity flavors] When someone
who should know better succumbs to marketing influences and actually begins
to believe the propaganda being dished out by a vendor, they are said to
have drunk the Kool-Aid. Usually the decortication process is slow and
almost unnoticeable until one day the victim emerges as a True Believer and
begins spreading the faith himself. The term originates in the suicide of
914 followers of Jim Jones's People's Temple cult in Guyana in 1978 (there
are also resonances with Ken Kesey's Electric Kool-Aid Acid Tests from the
1960s). What the Jonestown victims actually drank was cyanide-laced
Flavor-Aid, a cheap knockoff, rather than Kool-Aid itself. There is a
<a href="http://www.cs.uu.nl/wais/html/na-dir/food/kool-aid-faq.html" target="_top">
FAQ</a> on this topic.</p><p>This has live variants. When a suit is blithering on about their
latest technology and how it will save the world, that's &#8216;pouring
Kool-Aid&#8217;. When the suit does not violate the laws of physics,
doesn't make impossible claims, and in fact says something reasonable and
believable, that's pouring good Kool-Aid, usually used in the sentence
&#8220;<span class="quote">He pours good Kool-Aid, doesn't he?</span>&#8221; This connotes that the
speaker might be about to drink same.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kook.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kremvax.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">kook </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> kremvax</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>k-</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="K-ampersand-R.html" title="K&amp;R"/><link rel="next" href="kahuna.html" title="kahuna"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">k-</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="K-ampersand-R.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kahuna.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="k-"/><dt xmlns="" id="k-"><b>k-</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">pref.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> [rare; poss fr. <span class="firstterm">kilo-</span> prefix]
Extremely. Rare among hackers, but quite common among crackers and
<a href="../W/warez-d00dz.html"><i class="glossterm">warez d00dz</i></a> in compounds such as <span class="firstterm">k-kool</span> <span class="pronunciation">/K´kool´/</span>, <span class="firstterm">k-rad</span> <span class="pronunciation">/K´rad´/</span>, and <span class="firstterm">k-awesome</span> <span class="pronunciation">/K´aw`sm/</span>. Also used to intensify
negatives; thus, <span class="firstterm">k-evil</span>, <span class="firstterm">k-lame</span>, <span class="firstterm">k-screwed</span>, and <span class="firstterm">k-annoying</span>. Overuse of this prefix, or use in
more formal or technical contexts, is considered an indicator of
<a href="../L/lamer.html"><i class="glossterm">lamer</i></a> status.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="K-ampersand-R.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kahuna.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">K&amp;R </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> kahuna</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>kahuna</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="k-.html" title="k-"/><link rel="next" href="kamikaze-packet.html" title="kamikaze packet"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">kahuna</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="k-.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kamikaze-packet.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="kahuna"/><dt xmlns="" id="kahuna"><b>kahuna</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="pronunciation">/k@·hoo´n@/</span>, <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> [IBM: from the Hawaiian title for a shaman] Synonym for
<a href="../W/wizard.html"><i class="glossterm">wizard</i></a>, <a href="../G/guru.html"><i class="glossterm">guru</i></a>.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="k-.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kamikaze-packet.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">k- </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> kamikaze packet</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>kamikaze packet</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="kahuna.html" title="kahuna"/><link rel="next" href="kangaroo-code.html" title="kangaroo code"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">kamikaze packet</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kahuna.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kangaroo-code.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="kamikaze-packet"/><dt xmlns="" id="kamikaze-packet"><b>kamikaze packet</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> The &#8216;official&#8217; jargon for what is more commonly called a
<a href="../C/Christmas-tree-packet.html"><i class="glossterm">Christmas tree packet</i></a>. <a href="../R/RFC.html"><i class="glossterm">RFC</i></a>-1025, <i class="citetitle">TCP and IP
Bake Off</i> says:</p><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
10 points for correctly being able to process a &#8220;<span class="quote">Kamikaze</span>&#8221; packet
(AKA nastygram, christmas tree packet, lamp test segment, et al.). That is,
correctly handle a segment with the maximum combination of features at once
(e.g., a SYN URG PUSH FIN segment with options and data).
</p></blockquote></div><p>See also <a href="../C/Chernobyl-packet.html"><i class="glossterm">Chernobyl packet</i></a>.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kahuna.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kangaroo-code.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">kahuna </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> kangaroo code</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>kangaroo code</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="kamikaze-packet.html" title="kamikaze packet"/><link rel="next" href="ken.html" title="ken"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">kangaroo code</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kamikaze-packet.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ken.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="kangaroo-code"/><dt xmlns="" id="kangaroo-code"><b>kangaroo code</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> Syn. <a href="../S/spaghetti-code.html"><i class="glossterm">spaghetti code</i></a>.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kamikaze-packet.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="ken.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">kamikaze packet </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> ken</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>ken</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="kangaroo-code.html" title="kangaroo code"/><link rel="next" href="kernel-of-the-week-club.html" title="kernel-of-the-week club"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">ken</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kangaroo-code.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kernel-of-the-week-club.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="ken"/><dt xmlns="" id="ken"><b>ken</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="pronunciation">/ken/</span>, <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> 1. [Unix] Ken Thompson, principal inventor of Unix. In the early
days he used to hand-cut distribution tapes, often with a note that read
&#8220;<span class="quote">Love, ken</span>&#8221;. Old-timers still use his first name (sometimes
uncapitalized, because it's a login name and mail address) in third-person
reference; it is widely understood (on Usenet, in particular) that without
a last name &#8216;Ken&#8217; refers only to Ken Thompson. Similarly,
&#8216;Dennis&#8217; without last name means Dennis Ritchie (and he is
often known as <tt class="systemitem">dmr</tt>). See also
<a href="../D/demigod.html"><i class="glossterm">demigod</i></a>, <a href="../U/Unix.html"><i class="glossterm">Unix</i></a>. </p></dd><dd><p> 2. A flaming user. This was originated by the Software Support
group at Symbolics because the two greatest flamers in the user community
were both named Ken.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kangaroo-code.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kernel-of-the-week-club.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">kangaroo code </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> kernel-of-the-week club</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>kernel-of-the-week club</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="ken.html" title="ken"/><link rel="next" href="kgbvax.html" title="kgbvax"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">kernel-of-the-week club</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ken.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kgbvax.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="kernel-of-the-week-club"/><dt xmlns="" id="kernel-of-the-week-club"><b>kernel-of-the-week club</b></dt></dt><dd><p> The fictional society that <a href="../B/BSD.html"><i class="glossterm">BSD</i></a>
<a href="../B/bigot.html"><i class="glossterm">bigot</i></a>s claim <a href="../L/Linux.html"><i class="glossterm">Linux</i></a> users
belong to, alluding to the release-early-release-often style preferred by
the kernel maintainers. See <a href="../B/bazaar.html"><i class="glossterm">bazaar</i></a>. This was almost
certainly inspired by the earlier
<a href="../B/bug-of-the-month-club.html"><i class="glossterm">bug-of-the-month club</i></a>.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="ken.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kgbvax.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">ken </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> kgbvax</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>kgbvax</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="kernel-of-the-week-club.html" title="kernel-of-the-week club"/><link rel="next" href="KIBO.html" title="KIBO"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">kgbvax</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kernel-of-the-week-club.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="KIBO.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="kgbvax"/><dt xmlns="" id="kgbvax"><b>kgbvax</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="pronunciation">/K·G·B´vaks/</span>, <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> See <a href="kremvax.html"><i class="glossterm">kremvax</i></a>.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kernel-of-the-week-club.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="KIBO.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">kernel-of-the-week club </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> KIBO</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>kiboze</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="KIBO.html" title="KIBO"/><link rel="next" href="kibozo.html" title="kibozo"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">kiboze</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="KIBO.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kibozo.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="kiboze"/><dt xmlns="" id="kiboze"><b>kiboze</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">v.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> [Usenet] To <a href="../G/grep.html"><i class="glossterm">grep</i></a> the Usenet news for a
string, especially with the intention of posting a follow-up. This
activity was popularised by Kibo (see <a href="KIBO.html"><i class="glossterm">KIBO</i></a>, sense
2).</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="KIBO.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kibozo.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">KIBO </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> kibozo</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>kibozo</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="kiboze.html" title="kiboze"/><link rel="next" href="kick.html" title="kick"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">kibozo</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kiboze.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kick.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="kibozo"/><dt xmlns="" id="kibozo"><b>kibozo</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="pronunciation">/ki:·boh´zoh/</span>, <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> [Usenet] One who <a href="kiboze.html"><i class="glossterm">kiboze</i></a>s but is not Kibo (see
<a href="KIBO.html"><i class="glossterm">KIBO</i></a>, sense 2).</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kiboze.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kick.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">kiboze </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> kick</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>kick</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="kibozo.html" title="kibozo"/><link rel="next" href="kill-file.html" title="kill file"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">kick</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kibozo.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kill-file.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="kick"/><dt xmlns="" id="kick"><b>kick</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">v.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> 1. [IRC] To cause somebody to be removed from a
<a href="../I/IRC.html"><i class="glossterm">IRC</i></a> channel, an option only available to channel
ops. This is an extreme measure, often used to combat extreme
<a href="../F/flamage.html"><i class="glossterm">flamage</i></a> or <a href="../F/flood.html"><i class="glossterm">flood</i></a>ing, but
sometimes used at the <a href="../C/CHOP.html"><i class="glossterm">CHOP</i></a>'s whim. </p></dd><dd><p> 2. To reboot a machine or kill a running process. &#8220;<span class="quote">The
server's down, let me go kick it.</span>&#8221;</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kibozo.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kill-file.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">kibozo </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> kill file</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>kill file</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="kick.html" title="kick"/><link rel="next" href="killer-app.html" title="killer app"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">kill file</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kick.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="killer-app.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="kill-file"/><dt xmlns="" id="kill-file"><b>kill file</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> [Usenet; very common] (alt.: <span class="firstterm">KILL
file</span>) Per-user file(s) used by some
<a href="../U/Usenet.html"><i class="glossterm">Usenet</i></a> reading programs (originally Larry Wall's
<span class="citerefentry"><span class="refentrytitle">rn</span>(1)</span>)
to discard summarily (without presenting for reading) articles matching
some particularly uninteresting (or unwanted) patterns of subject, author,
or other header lines. Thus to add a person (or subject) to one's kill
file is to arrange for that person to be ignored by one's newsreader in
future. By extension, it may be used for a decision to ignore the person
or subject in other media. See also <a href="../P/plonk.html"><i class="glossterm">plonk</i></a>.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kick.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="killer-app.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">kick </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> killer app</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" standalone="no"?>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>killer app</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="kill-file.html" title="kill file"/><link rel="next" href="killer-micro.html" title="killer micro"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">killer app</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kill-file.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="killer-micro.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="killer-app"/><dt xmlns="" id="killer-app"><b>killer app</b></dt></dt><dd><p> The application that actually makes a sustaining market for a
promising but under-utilized technology. First used in the mid-1980s to
describe Lotus 1-2-3 once it became evident that demand for that product
had been the major driver of the early business market for IBM PCs. The
term was then retrospectively applied to VisiCalc, which had played a
similar role in the success of the Apple II. After 1994 it became
commonplace to describe the World Wide Web as the Internet's killer app.
One of the standard questions asked about each new personal-computer
technology as it emerges has become &#8220;<span class="quote">what's the killer
app?</span>&#8221;</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kill-file.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="killer-micro.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">kill file </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> killer micro</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>killer micro</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="killer-app.html" title="killer app"/><link rel="next" href="killer-poke.html" title="killer poke"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">killer micro</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="killer-app.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="killer-poke.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="killer-micro"/><dt xmlns="" id="killer-micro"><b>killer micro</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> [popularized by Eugene Brooks c.1990] A microprocessor-based machine
that infringes on mini, mainframe, or supercomputer performance turf.
Often heard in &#8220;<span class="quote">No one will survive the attack of the killer
micros!</span>&#8221;, the battle cry of the downsizers.</p><p>The popularity of the phrase &#8216;attack of the killer
micros&#8217; is doubtless reinforced by the title of the movie
<i class="citetitle">Attack Of The Killer Tomatoes</i> (one of the
<a href="../C/canonical.html"><i class="glossterm">canonical</i></a> examples of so-bad-it's-wonderful among
hackers). This has even more <a href="../F/flavor.html"><i class="glossterm">flavor</i></a> now that killer
micros have gone on the offensive not just individually (in workstations)
but in hordes (within massively parallel computers).</p><p>[2002 update: Eugene Brooks was right. Since this term first entered
the Jargon File in 1990, the minicomputer has effectively vanished, the
<a href="../M/mainframe.html"><i class="glossterm">mainframe</i></a> sector is in deep and apparently terminal
decline, and even the supercomputer business has contracted into a smaller
niche. It's networked killer micros as far as the eye can see.
&#8212;ESR]</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="killer-app.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="killer-poke.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">killer app </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> killer poke</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>killer poke</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="killer-micro.html" title="killer micro"/><link rel="next" href="kilo-.html" title="kilo-"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">killer poke</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="killer-micro.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kilo-.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="killer-poke"/><dt xmlns="" id="killer-poke"><b>killer poke</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> A recipe for inducing hardware damage on a machine via insertion of
invalid values (see <a href="../P/poke.html"><i class="glossterm">poke</i></a>) into a memory-mapped
control register; used esp. of various fairly well-known tricks on
<a href="../B/bitty-box.html"><i class="glossterm">bitty box</i></a>es without hardware memory management (such
as the IBM PC and Commodore PET) that can overload and trash analog
electronics in the monitor. See also <a href="../H/HCF.html"><i class="glossterm">HCF</i></a>.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="killer-micro.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kilo-.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">killer micro </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> kilo-</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>kilo-</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="killer-poke.html" title="killer poke"/><link rel="next" href="kilogoogle.html" title="kilogoogle"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">kilo-</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="killer-poke.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kilogoogle.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="kilo-"/><dt xmlns="" id="kilo-"><b>kilo-</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">pref.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> [SI] See <a href="../Q/quantifiers.html"><i class="glossterm">quantifiers</i></a>.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="killer-poke.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kilogoogle.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">killer poke </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> kilogoogle</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>kilogoogle</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="kilo-.html" title="kilo-"/><link rel="next" href="KIPS.html" title="KIPS"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">kilogoogle</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kilo-.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="KIPS.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="kilogoogle"/><dt xmlns="" id="kilogoogle"><b>kilogoogle</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p>The standard unit of measurement for Web search hits: a thousand
Google matches. &#8220;<span class="quote">There are about a kilogoogle and a half sites with
that band's name on it.</span>&#8221; Compare <a href="../G/google-juice.html"><i class="glossterm">google
juice</i></a>.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kilo-.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="KIPS.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">kilo- </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> KIPS</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>kit</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="KISS-Principle.html" title="KISS Principle"/><link rel="next" href="KLB.html" title="KLB"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">kit</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="KISS-Principle.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="KLB.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="kit"/><dt xmlns="" id="kit"><b>kit</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> [Usenet; poss.: fr.: <a href="../D/DEC.html"><i class="glossterm">DEC</i></a> slang for a full
software distribution, as opposed to a patch or upgrade] A source software
distribution that has been packaged in such a way that it can
(theoretically) be unpacked and installed according to a series of steps
using only standard Unix tools, and entirely documented by some reasonable
chain of references from the top-level <a href="../R/README-file.html"><i class="glossterm">README file</i></a>.
The more general term <a href="../D/distribution.html"><i class="glossterm">distribution</i></a> may imply that
special tools or more stringent conditions on the host environment are
required.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="KISS-Principle.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="KLB.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">KISS Principle </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> KLB</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>klone</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="KLB.html" title="KLB"/><link rel="next" href="kludge.html" title="kludge"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">klone</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="KLB.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kludge.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="klone"/><dt xmlns="" id="klone"><b>klone</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="pronunciation">/klohn/</span>, <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> See <a href="../C/clone.html"><i class="glossterm">clone</i></a>, sense 4.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="KLB.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kludge.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">KLB </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> kludge</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>kludge</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="klone.html" title="klone"/><link rel="next" href="kluge.html" title="kluge"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">kludge</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="klone.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kluge.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="kludge"/><dt xmlns="" id="kludge"><b>kludge</b></dt></dt><dd><p> 1. <span class="pronunciation">/kluhj/</span> <span class="grammar">n.</span> Incorrect (though regrettably common) spelling
of <a href="kluge.html"><i class="glossterm">kluge</i></a> (US). These two words have been confused
in American usage since the early 1960s, and widely confounded in Great
Britain since the end of World War II.</p></dd><dd><p> 2. [TMRC] A <a href="../C/crock.html"><i class="glossterm">crock</i></a> that works. (A long-ago
<i class="citetitle">Datamation</i> article by Jackson Granholme similarly
said: &#8220;<span class="quote">An ill-assorted collection of poorly matching parts, forming a
distressing whole.</span>&#8221;) </p></dd><dd><p> 3. <span class="grammar">v.</span> To use a kludge to get
around a problem. &#8220;<span class="quote">I've kludged around it for now, but I'll fix it
up properly later.</span>&#8221;</p></dd><dd><p>This word appears to have derived from Scots <span class="firstterm">kludge</span> or <span class="firstterm">kludgie</span> for a common toilet, via British
military slang. It apparently became confused with
U.S. <a href="kluge.html"><i class="glossterm">kluge</i></a> during or after World War II; some
Britons from that era use both words in definably different ways, but
<a href="kluge.html"><i class="glossterm">kluge</i></a> is now uncommon in Great Britain.
&#8216;Kludge&#8217; in Commonwealth hackish differs in meaning from
&#8216;kluge&#8217; in that it lacks the positive senses; a kludge is
something no Commonwealth hacker wants to be associated too closely with.
Also, &#8216;kludge&#8217; is more widely known in British mainstream slang
than &#8216;kluge&#8217; is in the U.S.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="klone.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kluge.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">klone </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> kluge</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>kluge around</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="kluge.html" title="kluge"/><link rel="next" href="kluge-up.html" title="kluge up"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">kluge around</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kluge.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kluge-up.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="kluge-around"/><dt xmlns="" id="kluge-around"><b>kluge around</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">vt.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> To avoid a bug or difficult condition by inserting a
<a href="kluge.html"><i class="glossterm">kluge</i></a>. Compare
<a href="../W/workaround.html"><i class="glossterm">workaround</i></a>.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kluge.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kluge-up.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">kluge </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> kluge up</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>kluge up</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="kluge-around.html" title="kluge around"/><link rel="next" href="Knights-of-the-Lambda-Calculus.html" title="Knights of the Lambda Calculus"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">kluge up</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kluge-around.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="Knights-of-the-Lambda-Calculus.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="kluge-up"/><dt xmlns="" id="kluge-up"><b>kluge up</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">vt.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> To lash together a quick hack to perform a task; this is milder than
<a href="../C/cruft-together.html"><i class="glossterm">cruft together</i></a> and has some of the connotations of
<a href="../H/hack-up.html"><i class="glossterm">hack up</i></a> (note, however, that the construction
<span class="firstterm">kluge on</span> corresponding to
<a href="../H/hack-on.html"><i class="glossterm">hack on</i></a> is never used). &#8220;<span class="quote">I've kluged up this
routine to dump the buffer contents to a safe place.</span>&#8221;</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kluge-around.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="Knights-of-the-Lambda-Calculus.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">kluge around </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Knights of the Lambda Calculus</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" standalone="no"?>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>kluge</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="kludge.html" title="kludge"/><link rel="next" href="kluge-around.html" title="kluge around"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">kluge</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kludge.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kluge-around.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="kluge"/><dt xmlns="" id="kluge"><b>kluge</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="pronunciation">/klooj/</span></dt></dt><dd><p> [from the German &#8216;klug&#8217;, clever; poss. related to
Polish &amp; Russian &#8216;klucz&#8217; (a key, a hint, a main
point)]</p></dd><dd><p> 1. <span class="grammar">n.</span> A Rube Goldberg (or Heath
Robinson) device, whether in hardware or software. </p></dd><dd><p> 2. <span class="grammar">n.</span> A clever programming trick
intended to solve a particular nasty case in an expedient, if not clear,
manner. Often used to repair bugs. Often involves
<a href="../A/ad-hockery.html"><i class="glossterm">ad-hockery</i></a> and verges on being a
<a href="../C/crock.html"><i class="glossterm">crock</i></a>. </p></dd><dd><p> 3. <span class="grammar">n.</span> Something that works for
the wrong reason. </p></dd><dd><p> 4. <span class="grammar">vt.</span> To insert a kluge into a
program. &#8220;<span class="quote">I've kluged this routine to get around that weird bug, but
there's probably a better way.</span>&#8221; </p></dd><dd><p> 5. [WPI] <span class="grammar">n.</span> A feature that is
implemented in a <a href="../R/rude.html"><i class="glossterm">rude</i></a> manner.</p></dd><dd><p>Nowadays this term is often encountered in the variant spelling
&#8216;kludge&#8217;. Reports from <a href="../O/old-fart.html"><i class="glossterm">old fart</i></a>s are
consistent that &#8216;kluge&#8217; was the original spelling, reported
around computers as far back as the mid-1950s and, at that time, used
exclusively of <span class="emphasis"><em>hardware</em></span> kluges. In 1947, the
<i class="citetitle">New York Folklore Quarterly</i> reported a classic
shaggy-dog story &#8216;Murgatroyd the Kluge Maker&#8217; then current in
the Armed Forces, in which a &#8216;kluge&#8217; was a complex and puzzling
artifact with a trivial function. Other sources report that
&#8216;kluge&#8217; was common Navy slang in the WWII era for any piece of
electronics that worked well on shore but consistently failed at
sea.</p><p>However, there is reason to believe this slang use may be a decade
older. Several respondents have connected it to the brand name of a device
called a &#8220;<span class="quote">Kluge paper feeder</span>&#8221;, an adjunct to mechanical
printing presses. Legend has it that the Kluge feeder was designed before
small, cheap electric motors and control electronics; it relied on a
fiendishly complex assortment of cams, belts, and linkages to both power
and synchronize all its operations from one motive driveshaft. It was
accordingly temperamental, subject to frequent breakdowns, and devilishly
difficult to repair &#8212; but oh, so clever! People who tell this story
also aver that &#8216;Kluge&#8217; was the name of a design
engineer.</p><p>There is in fact a Brandtjen &amp; Kluge Inc., an old family business
that manufactures printing equipment &#8212; interestingly, their name is
pronounced <span class="pronunciation">/kloo´gee/</span>!
Henry Brandtjen, president of the firm, told me (ESR, 1994) that his
company was co-founded by his father and an engineer named Kluge <span class="pronunciation">/kloo´gee/</span>, who built and co-designed
the original Kluge automatic feeder in 1919. Mr. Brandtjen claims,
however, that this was a <span class="emphasis"><em>simple</em></span> device (with only four
cams); he says he has no idea how the myth of its complexity took hold.
Other correspondents differ with Mr. Brandtjen's history of the device and
his allegation that it was a simple rather than complex one, but agree that
the Kluge automatic feeder was the most likely source of the
folklore.</p><p><a href="../T/TMRC.html"><i class="glossterm">TMRC</i></a> and the MIT hacker culture of the early
'60s seems to have developed in a milieu that remembered and still used
some WWII military slang (see also <a href="../F/foobar.html"><i class="glossterm">foobar</i></a>). It
seems likely that &#8216;kluge&#8217; came to MIT via alumni of the many
military electronics projects that had been located in Cambridge (many in
MIT's venerable Building 20, in which <a href="../T/TMRC.html"><i class="glossterm">TMRC</i></a> is also
located) during the war.</p><p>The variant &#8216;kludge&#8217; was apparently popularized by the
<a href="../D/Datamation.html"><i class="glossterm">Datamation</i></a> article mentioned under
<a href="kludge.html"><i class="glossterm">kludge</i></a>; it was titled <i class="citetitle">How to Design a
Kludge</i> (February 1962, pp. 30, 31). This spelling was probably
imported from Great Britain, where <a href="kludge.html"><i class="glossterm">kludge</i></a> has an
independent history (though this fact was largely unknown to hackers on
either side of the Atlantic before a mid-1993 debate in the Usenet group
<tt class="systemitem">alt.folklore.computers</tt> over the
First and Second Edition versions of this entry; everybody used to think
<a href="kludge.html"><i class="glossterm">kludge</i></a> was just a mutation of
<a href="kluge.html"><i class="glossterm">kluge</i></a>). It now appears that the British, having
forgotten the etymology of their own &#8216;kludge&#8217; when
&#8216;kluge&#8217; crossed the Atlantic, repaid the U.S. by lobbing the
&#8216;kludge&#8217; orthography in the other direction and confusing their
American cousins' spelling!</p><p>The result of this history is a tangle. Many younger U.S. hackers
pronounce the word as <span class="pronunciation">/klooj/</span> but
spell it, incorrectly for its meaning and pronunciation, as
&#8216;kludge&#8217;. (Phonetically, consider huge, refuge, centrifuge, and
deluge as opposed to sludge, judge, budge, and fudge. Whatever its
failings in other areas, English spelling is perfectly consistent about
this distinction.) British hackers mostly learned <span class="pronunciation">/kluhj/</span> orally, use it in a restricted
negative sense and are at least consistent. European hackers have mostly
learned the word from written American sources and tend to pronounce it
<span class="pronunciation">/kluhj/</span> but use the wider
American meaning!</p><p>Some observers consider this mess appropriate in view of the word's
meaning.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kludge.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kluge-around.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">kludge </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> kluge around</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>knobs</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="Knights-of-the-Lambda-Calculus.html" title="Knights of the Lambda Calculus"/><link rel="next" href="knurd.html" title="knurd"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">knobs</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="Knights-of-the-Lambda-Calculus.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="knurd.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="knobs"/><dt xmlns="" id="knobs"><b>knobs</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">pl.n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> Configurable options, even in software and even those you can't
adjust in real time. Anything you can <a href="../T/twiddle.html"><i class="glossterm">twiddle</i></a> is a
knob. &#8220;<span class="quote">Has this PNG viewer got an alpha knob?</span>&#8221; Software may
be described as having &#8220;<span class="quote">knobs and switches</span>&#8221; or occasionally
&#8220;<span class="quote">knobs and lights</span>&#8221;. See also <a href="../N/nerd-knob.html"><i class="glossterm">nerd knob</i></a></p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="Knights-of-the-Lambda-Calculus.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="knurd.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Knights of the Lambda Calculus </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> knurd</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>knurd</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="knobs.html" title="knobs"/><link rel="next" href="Knuth.html" title="Knuth"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">knurd</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="knobs.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="Knuth.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="knurd"/><dt xmlns="" id="knurd"><b>knurd</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p>1. [RPI] Renssaleer Polytechnic Institute local slang roughly
equivalent to the positive sense of <a href="../G/geek.html"><i class="glossterm">geek</i></a>,
referring to people who prefer technical hobbies to socializing.</p></dd><dd><p>2. In older usage at RPI, the term signified someone new to college
life, fresh out of high school, and wet behind the ears.</p></dd><dd><p>An IEEE Spectrum article (4/95, page 16) once derived
&#8216;nerd&#8217; in its variant form &#8216;knurd&#8217; from the word
&#8216;drunk&#8217; backwards; this etymology was common at RPI. Though it
is commonly confused with <a href="../N/nerd.html"><i class="glossterm">nerd</i></a>, it appears these
words have separate origins (compare the
<a href="kluge.html"><i class="glossterm">kluge</i></a>/<a href="kludge.html"><i class="glossterm">kludge</i></a> pair).</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="knobs.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="Knuth.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">knobs </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Knuth</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>koan</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="Knuth.html" title="Knuth"/><link rel="next" href="kook.html" title="kook"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">koan</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="Knuth.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kook.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="koan"/><dt xmlns="" id="koan"><b>koan</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="pronunciation">/koh´an/</span>, <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> A Zen teaching riddle. Classically, koans are attractive paradoxes
to be meditated on; their purpose is to help one to enlightenment by
temporarily jamming normal cognitive processing so that something more
interesting can happen (this practice is associated with Rinzai Zen
Buddhism). Defined here because hackers are very fond of the koan form and
compose their own koans for humorous and/or enlightening effect. See
<a href="../koans.html" title="Some AI Koans">Some AI Koans</a>,
<a href="../H/has-the-X-nature.html"><i class="glossterm">has the X nature</i></a>, <a href="../H/hacker-humor.html"><i class="glossterm">hacker humor</i></a>.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="Knuth.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kook.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Knuth </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> kook</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" standalone="no"?>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>kook</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="koan.html" title="koan"/><link rel="next" href="Kool-Aid.html" title="Kool-Aid"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">kook</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="koan.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="Kool-Aid.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="kook"/><dt xmlns="" id="kook"><b>kook</b></dt></dt><dd><p> [Usenet; originally and more formally, <span class="firstterm">net.kook</span>] Term used to describe a regular
poster who continually posts messages with no apparent grounding in
reality. Different from a <a href="../T/troll.html"><i class="glossterm">troll</i></a>, which implies a
sort of sly wink on the part of a poster who knows better, kooks really
believe what they write, to the extent that they believe anything.</p><p>The kook trademark is paranoia and grandiosity. Kooks will often
build up elaborate imaginary support structures, fake corporations and the
like, and continue to act as if those things are real even after their
falsity has been documented in public.</p><p>While they may appear harmless, and are usually filtered out by the
other regular participants in a newsgroup of mailing list, they can still
cause problems because the necessity for these measures is not immediately
apparent to newcomers; there are several instances on record, for example,
of journalists writing stories with quotes from kooks who caught them
unaware.</p><p>An entertaining web page chronicling the activities of many notable
kooks can be found at <a href="http://www.crank.net/usenet.html" target="_top">http://www.crank.net/usenet.html</a>.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="koan.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="Kool-Aid.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">koan </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> Kool-Aid</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>kremvax</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="Kool-Aid.html" title="Kool-Aid"/><link rel="next" href="kyrka.html" title="kyrka"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">kremvax</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="Kool-Aid.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kyrka.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="kremvax"/><dt xmlns="" id="kremvax"><b>kremvax</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="pronunciation">/krem·vaks/</span>, <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> [from the then-large number of <a href="../U/Usenet.html"><i class="glossterm">Usenet</i></a>
<a href="../V/VAXen.html"><i class="glossterm">VAXen</i></a> with names of the form <tt class="systemitem">foovax</tt>] Originally, a fictitious Usenet site
at the Kremlin, announced on April 1, 1984 in a posting ostensibly
originated there by Soviet leader Konstantin Chernenko. The <a href=" http://groups.google.com/groups?selm=0001%40kremvax.UUCP" target="_top"> posting</a>
was actually forged by Piet Beertema as an April Fool's joke. Other
fictitious sites mentioned in the hoax were <tt class="systemitem">moskvax</tt> and <a href="kgbvax.html"><i class="glossterm">kgbvax</i></a>.
This was probably the funniest of the many April Fool's forgeries
perpetrated on Usenet (which has negligible security against them), because
the notion that Usenet might ever penetrate the Iron Curtain seemed so
totally absurd at the time.</p><p>In fact, it was only six years later that the first genuine site in
Moscow, <tt class="systemitem">demos.su</tt>, joined Usenet.
Some readers needed convincing that the postings from it weren't just
another prank. Vadim Antonov, senior programmer at Demos and the major
poster from there up to mid-1991, was quite aware of all this, referred to
it frequently in his own postings, and at one point twitted some credulous
readers by blandly asserting that he <span class="emphasis"><em>was</em></span> a
hoax!</p><p>Eventually he even arranged to have the domain's gateway site named
<tt class="systemitem">kremvax</tt>, thus neatly turning
fiction into fact and demonstrating that the hackish sense of humor
transcends cultural barriers. [Mr. Antonov also contributed the
Russian-language material for this lexicon. &#8212;ESR]</p><p>In an even more ironic historical footnote, <tt class="systemitem">kremvax</tt> became an electronic center of the
anti-communist resistance during the bungled hard-line coup of August 1991.
During those three days the Soviet UUCP network centered on <tt class="systemitem">kremvax</tt> became the only trustworthy news
source for many places within the USSR. Though the sysops were
concentrating on internal communications, cross-border postings included
immediate transliterations of Boris Yeltsin's decrees condemning the coup
and eyewitness reports of the demonstrations in Moscow's streets. In those
hours, years of speculation that totalitarianism would prove unable to
maintain its grip on politically-loaded information in the age of computer
networking were proved devastatingly accurate &#8212; and the original
<tt class="systemitem">kremvax</tt> joke became a reality as
Yeltsin and the new Russian revolutionaries of <span class="firstterm">glasnost</span> and <span class="firstterm">perestroika</span> made <tt class="systemitem">kremvax</tt> one of the timeliest means of their
outreach to the West.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="Kool-Aid.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="kyrka.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">Kool-Aid </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> kyrka</td></tr></table></div></body></html>

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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>kyrka</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../K.html" title="K"/><link rel="previous" href="kremvax.html" title="kremvax"/><link rel="next" href="../L.html" title="L"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">kyrka</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kremvax.html">Prev</a> </td><th width="60%" align="center">K</th><td width="20%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="../L.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="kyrka"/><dt xmlns="" id="kyrka"><b>kyrka</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="pronunciation">/chur´ka/</span>, <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> [Swedish] See <a href="../F/feature-key.html"><i class="glossterm">feature key</i></a>.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="kremvax.html">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../K.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="../L.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">kremvax </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> L</td></tr></table></div></body></html>