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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><title>ELIZA effect</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../jargon.css" type="text/css"/><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.61.0"/><link rel="home" href="../index.html" title="The Jargon File"/><link rel="up" href="../E.html" title="E"/><link rel="previous" href="elite.html" title="elite"/><link rel="next" href="elvish.html" title="elvish"/></head><body><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="3" align="center">ELIZA effect</th></tr><tr><td width="20%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="elite.html">Prev</a><EFBFBD></td><th width="60%" align="center">E</th><td width="20%" align="right"><EFBFBD><a accesskey="n" href="elvish.html">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr/></div><dt><a id="ELIZA-effect"/><dt xmlns="" id="ELIZA-effect"><b>ELIZA effect</b>: <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="pronunciation">/@<40>li:<3A>z@ @<40>fekt<6B>/</span>, <span xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="grammar">n.</span></dt></dt><dd><p> [AI community] The tendency of humans to attach associations to
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terms from prior experience. For example, there is nothing magic about the
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symbol <tt class="literal">+</tt> that makes it well-suited to indicate addition;
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it's just that people associate it with addition. Using
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<tt class="literal">+</tt> or ‘plus’ to mean addition in a computer
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language is taking advantage of the ELIZA effect.</p><p>This term comes from the famous ELIZA program by Joseph Weizenbaum,
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which simulated a Rogerian psychotherapist by re<72>phrasing many of the
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patient's statements as questions and posing them to the patient. It
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worked by simple pattern recognition and substitution of key words into
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canned phrases. It was so convincing, however, that there are many
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anecdotes about people becoming very emotionally caught up in dealing with
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ELIZA. All this was due to people's tendency to attach to words meanings
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which the computer never put there. The ELIZA effect is a
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<a href="../G/Good-Thing.html"><i class="glossterm">Good Thing</i></a> when writing a programming language, but it can blind you
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to serious shortcomings when analyzing an Artificial Intelligence system.
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Compare <a href="../A/ad-hockery.html"><i class="glossterm">ad-hockery</i></a>; see also
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<a href="../A/AI-complete.html"><i class="glossterm">AI-complete</i></a>. Sources for a clone of the original
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Eliza are available at <a href="ftp://ftp.cc.utexas.edu/pub/AI-ATTIC/Programs/Classic/Eliza/Eliza.c" target="_top">ftp://ftp.cc.utexas.edu/pub/AI_ATTIC/Programs/Classic/Eliza/Eliza.c</a>.</p></dd><div class="navfooter"><hr/><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="elite.html">Prev</a><EFBFBD></td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="../E.html">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"><EFBFBD><a accesskey="n" href="elvish.html">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">elite<EFBFBD></td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="../index.html">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"><EFBFBD>elvish</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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